Framework for VoIP Authentication using Session ID based on Modified Vector Quantization

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is the main protocol behind Voice over IP (VoIP). However, it does not provide authentication, which may lead to possible impersonation and eavesdropping threats. Negotiating keys using digital certificates may help secure the channel, but this method incurs extra maintenance cost. Verbal authentication utilizes the real-time nature of VoIP but it requires users to read and manually compare the authentication code. This study proposes a session identifier framework based on the Modified Vector Quantization (MVQ) method on real-time video frames for video communication in VoIP. After the selected image frames are averaged and quantized, the output of the MVQ process is a set of image metrics that serves as pre-shared keys for key agreement. The framework is certificate-less and users do not need to read the authentication code to the other user. The implementation is evaluated for accuracy and robustness towards network noise and frame conditions.